Complicações de autoinjeção de agentes químicos para aumento muscular / Complications in self-injection of chemicals to increase muscle

O número de frequentadores de academia que utilizam injeções de substâncias oleosas para aumentar o volume muscular artificialmente, buscando, com essa prática, uma melhora cosmética dos músculos que não responderiam aos treinamentos, vem aumentando. Apesar dos efeitos imediatos e dos bons resultados estéticos como aumento de volume ou modificação do contorno de várias áreas do corpo, a infiltração de óleo pode levar a diversas complicações a curto e longo prazo, que muitas vezes são irreversíveis. A conscientização e atuação das entidades de classes médicas e sanitárias tornam-se fundamentais na profilaxia e controle deste problema. Neste artigo revisamos as complicações e ainda relatamos o caso de um paciente com complicações locais importantes secundárias a injeção de óleo.

The number of gym goers who self-inject oily substances to increase muscle volume artificially and thereby improve the aesthetic appearance of their muscles that are unresponsive to training is increasing. Although immediate effects and satisfactory aesthetic results such as increased volume or changes in the contour of several areas of the body might be observed, oil infiltration might cause several short- and long-term complications, which are often irreversible. The awareness and actions of medical and health professional societies are fundamental for the prevention and control of this problem. In this article, possible complications are reviewed, and the case of a patient with severe local complications caused by oil injection is reported.

Estimación del grado de conocimiento sobre el riesgo químico en trabajadores de Badajoz / Estimation of the level of knowledge of chemical risks in workers from Badajoz

Una incorrecta manipulación de los productos químicos en el lugar de trabajo, derivada de una falta de información sobre el riesgo químico, puede ser el origen de diversas enfermedades laborales. A través de una encuesta realizada a trabajadores de diferentes sectores profesionales de la provincia de Badajoz (España) hemos querido reflejar el grado de sensibilización que tienen éstos sobre el riesgo que puede entrañar una inadecuada manipulación de los mismos. Los resultados de la encuesta revelaron que el 64% de los encuestados afirmaban leer el etiquetado de los productos que manipulaban, no obstante se detectó en general una cierta dificultad en la comprensión de la información que aporta el etiquetado de las sustancias. Un pequeño porcentaje de los encuestados (tanto empresarios como empleados) conocía la existencia de las frases R y S -actuales frases H y P-, así como la existencia del reglamento REACH. El tipo de patologías más frecuentes sufridas en los diferentes sectores profesionales evaluados son las dérmicas, seguidas muy de cerca por las respiratorias, alteraciones asociadas con la mayor parte de productos químicos utilizados por los profesionales de cada sector. Finalmente podemos concluir que ni los empleadores ni los empleados son completamente conscientes del riesgo que supone la manipulación de sustancias químicas en el lugar de trabajo (AU)

Chemicals are used widespread in workplaces but nevertheless their incorrect use can give rise to workrelated diseases. We have surveyed workers from different professional sectors from the province of Badajoz (Spain) to investigate the sensitivity to risk derived from incorrect chemical manipulation practices. The results of the survey revealed that 64% of the workers read the label of the products. Nevertheless, a comprehension difficulty of the information provided on the label was detected. A small per cent of workers (taking into account the owners of the companies as well as the employees) knew the existence of the R and S phrases -currently H and P phrases-, as well as the existence of the REACH legislation. The most frequently suffered pathologies on different professional sectors are dermal, closely followed by the respiratory diseases. These alterations are associated with the majority of the chemical products used by the professionals of each sector. Finally, we can conclude that nor employers neither employees are fully aware of chemical risks (AU)

Validation of a liquid chromatographic method for determination of related substances in a candidate certified reference material of captopril / Validação de um método cromatográfico líquido para a determinação de substâncias relacionadas, em um material candidato de referência certificado de captopril

This paper describes the validation of a reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography method (RP-HPLC) with diode array detection (DAD) for determination of related substances (impurities from organic synthesis and degradation products) of captopril according to the Brazilian Pharmacopeia IV. The aim of this study was to guarantee the method accuracy for quantification of related substances, an essential requisite to determine, using the mass balance approach, the captopril content in the first Brazilian certified reference material (CRM) of an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API), developed by Inmetro. The captopril instability in solution is discussed and the captopril content determined by mass balance is compared to the results from titration and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).

Este artigo descreve a validação de método de cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência em fase reversa (CLAE-RP) com detector de fotodiodos (DAD) para determinação de substâncias relacionadas (impurezas orgânicas de síntese e produtos de degradação) de captopril segundo Farmacopéia Brasileira IV ed. Este estudo teve como objetivo garantir que o método é capaz de quantificar com exatidão o teor de substâncias relacionadas, um requisito essencial para que o teor de captopril seja determinado por balanço de massa no primeiro material de referência certificado (MRC) de fármacos brasileiro, o qual foi desenvolvido pelo Inmetro. A instabilidade do captopril em solução é discutida em detalhes e o teor de captopril determinado por balanço de massa é comparado com aqueles obtidos por titulação e por calorimetria exploratória diferencial (DSC).

Influencia del ayuno prolongado sobre la actividad monoamino oxidasa y amino oxidasa sensible al semicarbazide en el tejido adiposo blanco de rata / Influence of prolonged fasting on monoamine oxidase and semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase activities in rat white adipose tissue

Monoamine oxidase (MAO) and semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO)activities are very high in white adipose tissue (WAT). SSAO, also known as VascularAdhesion Protein-1 in vessels, is present at the surface of fat cells and independentapproaches have evidenced its impressive increase during adipogenesis. However, thefactors that might regulate the expression SSAO and MAO in adipose tissue are stillpoorly defined. Here, we report the influence of fasting on MAO and SSAO activitiesin adipose depots. A decrease of MAO activity occurred after three days of starvationin the intra-abdominal adipose tissue (INWAT) of male Wistar rats, regardlessof their initial adiposity or fat loss. The reduced fat stores of seven-week old rats,loosing 59 % of INWAT mass during fasting, contained only one half of the MAOactivity found in fed control. The same reduction of MAO was observed after prolongedfasting in older rats which lose only 26 % of their INWAT during the samestarvation duration, leading to a fat mass comparable to that of younger fed controlrats. It was therefore the endocrine and metabolic changes occurring during fastingthat were responsible for the reduced MAO activity and not the amount of INWAT.Surprisingly, SSAO activity remained unchanged during starvation. In subcutaneousWAT, the changes in MAO and SSAO activities exhibited the same tendencies thanthose found in INWAT. Taken together, these data show that both MAO and SSAOactivities increase in INWAT with age-dependent fattening, and indicate that onlyMAO diminishes during fasting(AU)

La actividad monoamino oxidasa (MAO) yaminooxidasa sensible al semicarbazide(SSAO) están muy elevadas en el tejido adiposoblanco (TAB). SSAO, también conocidacomo proteína de adhesión vascular-1, estápresente en la superficie de los adipocitosmaduros. Diferentes investigaciones muestranincremento de su expresión durante la adipogénesis,aunque los factores que regulan laexpresión en el TAB no son bien conocidos.Este trabajo describe la influencia del ayunosobre la actividad MAO y SSAO en TAB. Seha observado que tras tres días de ayuno disminuyela actividad MAO en el tejido adiposointra-abdominal (INWAT) de ratas machoWistar, independientemente de la grasa inicialo de la pérdida de peso inducida por el ayuno.El ayuno redujo un 59 % el peso del INWATy un 50% la actividad MAO en ratas de 7semanas de edad comparadas con su control(ratas sin ayuno). La misma disminución de laactividad MAO se encontró en ratas de mayoredad (10 semanas) aunque solo perdieron el 26% de su INWAT durante el mismo ayuno,igualando dicha reserva grasa a la de las ratasmás jóvenes sin ayunar. Los resultados indicanque serían los cambios endocrinos y metabólicosque ocurren durante el ayuno los responsablesde la disminución de la actividad MAO yno la perdida de tejido adiposo en sí. Sorprendentemente,no se observó ningún cambio significativoen la actividad SSAO durante elayuno. En el tejido adiposo subcutáneo, loscambios de actividad MAO y SSAO mostraronlas mismas tendencias que en el INWAT.Los resultados muestran que la edad conllevaun aumento de la actividad de la MAO y de laSSAO en tejido adiposo blanco de rata y que elayuno reduce la actividad de la MAO, no la dela SSAO(AU)